Tow Vehicle & Travel Trailer Weight Definitions

by | May 6, 2020 | Articles, CBRV, CMB, General, Legal & Compliance

by Collyn Rivers

Tow Vehicle & Travel Trailer Weight Definitions

Australia’s key travel trailer weight definitions fully illustrated.
To tow safely and legally in Australia, knowing tow vehicle &travel trailer weight definitions is vital. Those shown here were valid as of June 2020. These definitions may change. New RV legislation may be announced in late 2020. It is not, however, likely to be enforced until 2022 or 2023.

The wording of each definition is that of RV Books. It is simpler than the technical originals. This enables you to focus on safety.

Weight limits are set by vehicle, trailer and tow equipment makers. These include limiting tyre and axle loads. Australia-wide legislation precludes your exceeding these limits.

You need to know your tow vehicle and trailers weight limits. These are normally on a compliance plate. If not, check the instruction manual. Or consult the manufacturer.

Do not confuse maximum permitted weights with actual weights. Maximum weights are set by manufacturers. (‘Mass’ can be seen as ‘weight throughout this article),

You can check actual weights on a certified weighbridge. Find your nearest weighbridge here

Tow Vehicle Weight Definitions

Gross Vehicle Mass (‘GVM’)

travel trailer travel trailer weight definitions - GVM

 

The vehicle’s maker sets Gross Vehicle Mass. It is the most it can legally weigh on public roads. The weight includes driver’s, passengers’, accessories, luggage and fuel. It includes the trailer nose weight. Exceeding Gross Vehicle Mass is illegal.

How to check your vehicle’s Gross Vehicle Mass

Drive the fully-laden tow vehicle and coupled trailer onto a weighbridge. Weigh the tow vehicle only.


Gross combination mass (‘GCM’)

travel trailer weight definitions - GCM

Gross Combination Mass a tow vehicle and its laden trailer’s maximum allowable combined laden weight. It is set by the tow vehicle maker. The GCM includes the weight of all passengers, accessories, luggage. Furthermore, the weight of everything in the travel trailer. This includes gas and water. Exceeding Gross Combination Mass is illegal.

How to Check

Drive the fully laden tow vehicle and coupled travel trailer onto a weighbridge. Weigh both at once.


Maximum towing capacity

travel trailer weight definitions - Maximum Towing Capacity

Maximum Towing Capacity is the maximum weight a tow vehicle may legally tow.

This applies to a tow vehicle (only). It is set by the tow vehicle manufacturer. The rating applies to any tow vehicle. It includes the weight of everything within that towed.

Many RVers and vendors misunderstand this rating. Most trailers are used by tradespeople and military. These trailers rarely exceed 4 metres. Few exceed two tonnes laden. Travel trailers are a small segment of this market. As of 2020 they are covered by general trailer legislation. This, however, may change. Exceeding maximum towing capacity is illegal.

How to Check

Tow the fully laden travel trailer onto a weighbridge and (whilst coupled) weigh the travel trailer only.


Maximum towbar mass (weight)

Travel Trailer Weight definitions - Maximum towbar mass (weight)

Maximum towbar mass likewise limits towbar pulling weight. The maximum towbar weight may also be stipulated.

This term applies to the tow vehicle (only). It is a maximum weight rating set by the towbar manufacturer. You can check your laden travel trailer‘s maximum towbar weight on a weighbridge. Exceeding maximum towbar mass is illegal.

To check maximum towball mass, tow the fully laden travel trailer onto a weighbridge. Whilst coupled weigh the travel trailer only.


Maximum TowBall Weight (mass)

Travel trailer weight definitions: Maximum TowBall Weight (mass)

Towball mass is the down-force exerted on a tow vehicle’s towball. Or other forms of coupling. It is a weight rating. It must not be exceeded.

Vehicle and tow hitch makers set maximum towball weight. You must use whichever is least.

The travel trailer maker usually recommends towball weight. It is illegal to exceed it. Never reduce it.

How to Check

Weigh using towball scales directly under the coupling of the fully-laden travel trailer.


Aggregate Trailer Mass

Aggregate trailer mass is the maximum permitted laden weight of a trailer when not coupled to a tow vehicle. It is set by the trailer manufacturer. The ATM includes the weight of everything loaded. This includes water, gas and jockey wheel down-force. Exceeding the ATM is illegal.

How to Check

Tow the fully laden travel trailer onto a weighbridge. Lower the jockey wheel. Disconnect the travel trailer from the tow vehicle. Weigh the travel trailer only (including the weight on the jockey wheel).


Gross Trailer Mass (GTM)

travel trailer weight definitions - GTM

Gross Trailer Mass is the maximum permitted laden weight of a travel trailer when coupled to a tow vehicle.

The travel trailer maker sets this weight. It includes that of all travel trailer accessories, luggage, water and gas. It excludes jockey wheel down-force. Exceeding GTM is illegal.

How to Check

Tow the fully laden travel trailer onto a weighbridge and, whilst still coupled to the tow vehicle, weigh the trailer only.


Maximum Coupling Load

Travel trailer weight definitions: Maximum Coupling Load

The maximum coupling load is the maximum weight a trailer’s hitch can tow. Furthermore, a maximum down-force may also be stipulated.

This weight rating is set by the tow-hitch maker. It includes the weight of all towed accessories including luggage, water and gas. Moreover, be aware exceeding maximum coupling load is illegal.

How to Check

Tow the fully laden travel trailer onto a weighbridge and, while it’s still coupled to the tow vehicle, weigh the travel trailer.


Tare Weight (Mass)

Travel trailer weight definitions - Tare Weight (Mass)

Tare weight is the claimed weight of a travel trailer ex-manufacturer and ‘ready for service’. This weight may be incorrect. Optional extra’s are dealer-supplied and fitted. They are, however, rarely included as tare weight. If not reduces the legal payload.

How to Check

Weigh the uncoupled trailer, with jockey wheel down and no payload, on a weighbridge.


Maximum Payload

Travel trailer weight definitions - Maximum Payload

The maximum allowable payload means ‘allowable weight of a travel trailer‘s contents.’ It applies to the travel trailer only. It is calculated by subtracting the travel trailer‘s Tare Mass from its Aggregate Trailer Mass. The maximum payload includes the weight of all luggage and personal items in or on a travel trailer. Furthermore, water, gas and all added accessories are included.

How to Check

To calculate your Maximum Payload allowance, subtract the actual Tare Mass (as weighed above) from the ATM.

There are many reasons to stay well within maximum weight limits. Find out more by reading our articles on towing dynamics. Furthermore, for a full explanation, buy our book Why Caravans Roll Over – and how to prevent it. 

Collyn Rivers is a semi-retired automobile research engineer.  He is the author of seven books, five of which are about making RVs and solar work optimally.

Caravan and Motorhome Electrics

The essential handbook for anyone with an RV of any kind.  Everything you need to know to make the electrics in your rig work for you.

Cover of Caravan and Motorhome Books by Collyn Rivers

eBook versions

Paperback version

The book retailers set their own prices which can vary substantially. We'll aim to keep a selection of the better prices above.

Any bookshop, whether online or bricks and mortar, can order copies of Caravan & Motorhome Electrics.  Just ask.
ISBN: 978-0-6483190-8-5

Solar Success

Whether you’re building a new home or adding solar to an existing structure, this is the one book you can’t afford to be without.

eBook versions

Paperback version

Any bookshop, whether online or bricks and mortar, can order copies of Solar Success.  Just ask.
ISBN: 978-0-6487945-4-7

Why Caravans Roll Over
and how to prevent it

Explains in detail every aspect of tow vehicle and travel trailer stability. This is what you need to know to be safe on or off the road.

eBook versions

Paperback version

The book retailers set their own prices which can vary substantially. We'll aim to keep a selection of the better prices above.

Any bookshop, whether online or bricks and mortar, can order copies of Why Caravans Roll Over.  Just ask.
ISBN: 978-0-6483190-6-1

Solar That Really Works!

Solar that Really Works! covers the design, installation and use of solar in cabins, camper trailers, travel trailers, fifth wheelers, campervans and motor homes.

eBook versions

Paperback version

The book retailers set their own prices which can vary substantially. We'll aim to keep a selection of the better prices above.

Any bookshop, whether online or bricks and mortar, can order copies of Solar That Really Works!  Just ask.
ISBN: 978-0-6483190-3-0

The Caravan & Motorhome Book

The Caravan & Motorhome Book covers every conceivable aspect of campervan and motorhome usage. If you own a camper van or motor home, you'll want this book.

eBook versions

Paperback version

The book retailers set their own prices which can vary substantially. We'll aim to keep a selection of the better prices above.

Any bookshop, whether online or bricks and mortar, can order copies of The Caravan & Motorhome Book. Just ask.
ISBN: 978-0-6483190-5-4.

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Caravan and Motorhome Electrics

The essential handbook for anyone with an RV of any kind.  Everything you need to know to make the electrics in your rig work for you.

Cover of Caravan and Motorhome Books by Collyn Rivers

eBook versions

Paperback version

The book retailers set their own prices which can vary substantially. We'll aim to keep a selection of the better prices above.

Any bookshop, whether online or bricks and mortar, can order copies of Caravan & Motorhome Electrics.  Just ask.
ISBN: 978-0-6483190-8-5

Solar Success

Whether you’re building a new home or adding solar to an existing structure, this is the one book you can’t afford to be without.

eBook versions

Paperback version

Any bookshop, whether online or bricks and mortar, can order copies of Solar Success.  Just ask.
ISBN: 978-0-6487945-4-7

The Caravan & Motorhome Book

The Caravan & Motorhome Book covers every conceivable aspect of campervan and motorhome usage. If you own a camper van or motor home, you'll want this book.

eBook versions

Paperback version

The book retailers set their own prices which can vary substantially. We'll aim to keep a selection of the better prices above.

Any bookshop, whether online or bricks and mortar, can order copies of The Caravan & Motorhome Book. Just ask.
ISBN: 978-0-6483190-5-4.

Solar That Really Works!

Solar that Really Works! covers the design, installation and use of solar in cabins, camper trailers, travel trailers, fifth wheelers, campervans and motor homes.

eBook versions

Paperback version

The book retailers set their own prices which can vary substantially. We'll aim to keep a selection of the better prices above.

Any bookshop, whether online or bricks and mortar, can order copies of Solar That Really Works!  Just ask.
ISBN: 978-0-6483190-3-0

Why Caravans Roll Over
and how to prevent it

Explains in detail every aspect of tow vehicle and travel trailer stability. This is what you need to know to be safe on or off the road.

eBook versions

Paperback version

The book retailers set their own prices which can vary substantially. We'll aim to keep a selection of the better prices above.

Any bookshop, whether online or bricks and mortar, can order copies of Why Caravans Roll Over.  Just ask.
ISBN: 978-0-6483190-6-1